▲been是be的过去分词，主要用法有：
——been 用于构成完成时态
There have been many more burglaries this year. 今年夜间盗窃多了许多。（现在完成时）
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The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方。（过去完成时）
——been 用于构成完成进行时态
Business has been improving steadily this year. 今年生意在不断地增长。（现在完成进行时）
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。（过去完成进行时）
——been 用于构成完成时态的被动语态
Everything that can be done has been done. 能做的一切都做了。（现在完成时的被动语态）
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。（现在完成时的被动语态）
He told me that the match had been cancelled. 他告诉我比赛取消了。（过去完成时的被动语态）
——been 用于非谓语动词中
She apologized for having been mean to me. 她因对我不好向我表示歉意。（动名词的完成式）
Having been ill for a very long time, he needed more time to recover before he could go back to work. 他病了很久，所以他在回去工作以前还需要时间恢复。（现在分词的完成式）
Having been his own boss for such a long time，he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。（现在分词的完成式）
▲been 有时用作 come 和 go 的过去分词。如：
Granny has been to see us twice since Christmas. 自从圣诞节以来，奶奶已经来看过我们两次了。
I haven’t been to the theatre for ages. 我很久没有看戏了。
Have you ever been toNorthern Ireland? 你曾经去过北爱尔兰吗?
请注意：been只用于已经完成的来或去。试比较：
The postman’s already been. (He has come and gone away again.) 邮递员已经来过了。
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